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letra de malware analysis—the science of deciphering malware - dj aresh

malware -n-lysis—the science of deciphering malware

s are categorised into two categories. 1) structural -n-lysis 2) -n-lysis in motion. to fully comprehend and utilise malware, an individual must conduct both static and dynamic -n-lysis, as this provides the overall picture and assists in fighting similar attacks in the future
static -n-lysis: the -n-lyst does not need to execute the malware but instead uses decompilers and disassemblers such as ida, ghidra(a free tool from the national security agency), and others to examine the routines and libraries loaded into the executable. there is a distinction between decompilers and disassemblers. decompilers provide executable code in a high-level language such as x86 arch, whereas disassemblers provide executable code in a low-level language such as c and c++ snippets

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oftentimes, malware developers obfuscate or pack their executables in order to make static -n-lysis more difficult for the -n-lyst. this deb-gg-r would be hooked to the malware, and the -n-lyst would examine it by executing the programme and creating breakpoints

ida-pro, ghidra, x32 and x64 deb-gg-rs, ilspy, dnspy, and dotpeek are available as tools

information about the packer: die (detect-it-easy), pestudio, and peview

static -n-lysis data:

whether or if the malware is compressed/obfuscated

utilization of libraries and functionalities

utilization of an exploit or exploitation of a vulnerability

can occasionally supply master key/imp information that is hardcoded into the programme

dynamic -n-lysis: the -n-lyst allows the malware to run in an isolated environment referred to as a sandbox, where each process and system call is logged and monitored, as well as interactions between the malware and its c2 command & control
dynamic -n-lysis: the -n-lyst allows the malware to run in an isolated environment referred to as a sandbox, where each process and system call is logged and monitored, as well as interactions between the malware and its c2 command & control

dynamic -n-lysis data collection:

registry key modifications made to ensure persistence

additional scheduled tasks are being added

how malware initiates the infection process and whether it attaches to any recognised programmes

the method through which the vulnerability is exploited to achieve privilege or persistence

how and with whom does the virus communicate following its deployment, such as when it contacts c2, and what the remote attacker does with c2

however, dynamic -n-lysis provides additional information when we transition from windows to linux malware. by performing dynamic -n-lysis, one can identify actual iocs (indicator of compromise) that aid in combating and detecting similar malware in the wild. these iocs can range from registry key changes to file extension changes, the addition of new users with administrator capabilities, and the connection of a system to a banned ip address, among others

therefore, how will this data be used in the future? once both static and dynamic -n-lysis are complete, the individual maps the attack technique to the att&ck matrix and uses the mapping to gather future threat intelligence and, if possible, locates nation-sponsored harmful actor apts. malware that is executed offline occasionally behaves differently than malware that is executed online, for example, one type of ransomware that was executed offline stored the decryption key in the device’s volatile memory, which security researchers were able to extract the decryption keys from the memory to decrypt without paying the malicious actor. in some circumstances, malware creators hardcode critical information that can be utilised to deactivate the infection or even track down the malware’s source

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one such scenario is marcus hutchins, who took down one of the world’s most destructive ransomwares, wannacry, by infecting over 2,30,000 devices globally and destroying the whole uk hospitals system. in may 2017, wannacry ransomware began infecting hospitals in the united kingdom, spreading at a far faster rate than usual ransomware due to its exploit of a fixed zero-day windows vulnerability known as smbv1 or eternalblue (exploit developed by nsa). as marcus begins his static -n-lysis, he discovers an unintended k!ll switch for the ransomware in the form of an unregistered domain through which the virus communicates. marcus purchases the domain and then creates a sinkhole to prevent the infection from propagating further. marcus may have saved the internet for us by performing simple static -n-lysis on the wannacry ransomware. this month, february 2021, the doj (department of justice) issued an arrest warrant for the wannacry ransomware writers for fraud and damage totaling about $1.3 billion

however, one may believe that performing malware -n-lysis is simple and cool, but allow me to state this at the outset. malware -n-lysis has a “honeymoon time” since it appears and feels simple because you may not be working with complex malware or are merely practising on previously -n-lysed malware. however, if malware is discovered in the wild, it is difficult to study due to anti–n-lysis capabilities such as detecting whether the virus is being executed in a sandbox, disassemblers, pe studio, or event logging tools

however, -n-lysing malware needs knowledge, patience, and a thorough understanding of dynamic-link libraries, x86 assembly code where necessary, and tinkering with deb-gg-rs, among other things…
malware -n-lysis is critical in cybersecurity for defence and mitigation, as it is a peer spectrum, and as malware becomes more sophisticated, we risk falling behind in detecting, understanding, and mitigating malware in the future. however, with sufficient investment and training from organisations, we can effectively combat it

- dj aresh

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